استخدام for في اللغة الانجليزية
استخدام for
ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﺮ for
** ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ for ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ : ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ - ﻷﺟﻞ
Sea breeze is good for you
ﻧﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻟﻚ
No longer does she work for us
ﻟﻢ ﺗﻌﺪ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺨﺪﻣﺘﻨﺎ
It's better for you to relax
ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﺮﻳﺢ
** ﻭﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ for ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﻝ.... ( ﻟﻴﻌﻄﻲ ﺇﻟﻲ ..... )
I have brought this nice present for you
ﺃﺣﻀﺮﺕ ﻟﻚ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻔﺔ
Buy some for me
ﺍﺷﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻟﻲ
I have no respect for him
ﺃﻧﺎ ﻻ ﺃﻛﻦ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻣﺎ
** ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ for ﻟﻺﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮﺩﺓ
She left for Luxor
ﻫﻲ ﺭﺣﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺍﻷﻗﺼﺮ
The ship sailed for Italy
ﺃﺑﺤﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺇﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺎ
** ﻭﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ for ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ : ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ
For how much do you sell that ?
ﺑﻜﻢ ﺗﺒﻴﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ؟
I bought a television for L.E. 2000
ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﻠﻴﻔﺰﻳﻮﻧﺎ ﺑﻤﺒﻠﻎ 2000 ﺟﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺼﺮﻳﺎ
I had to change my car for another one
ﺍﺿﻄﺮﺭﺕ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺑﺄﺧﺮﻱ
** ﻭﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ for ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ : ﻃﻠﺒﺎ ﻝ......
We have to send for a doctor
ﻻﺑﺪ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺘﺪﻋﻲ ﻃﺒﻴﺒﺎ
They have gone for a walk
ﻟﻘﺪ ﺫﻫﺒﻮﺍ ﻟﻠﻨﺰﻫﺔ
Are you still waiting for her ?
ﺃﻻ ﺯﻟﺖ ﺗﻨﺘﻈﺮﻫﺎ ؟
** ﻭﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ for ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ : ﺑﺴﺒﺐ
She refused him for many reasons
ﻫﻲ ﺭﻓﻀﺘﻪ ﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ
He was rewarded for bravery
ﻫﻮ ﻛﻮﻓﻲﺀ ﻟﺸﺠﺎﻋﺘﻪ
I am sorry for you
ﺃﻧﺎ ﺃﺳﻒ ﻟﻚ
** ﻭﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ for ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ : ﺇﻟﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ - ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ
Are you for it or against it ?
ﻫﻞ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻣﺆﻳﺪ ﺃﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ؟
I'll vote for my colleague
ﺳﺄﻋﻄﻲ ﺻﻮﺗﻲ ﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻠﻲ
** ﻭﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ for ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ : ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ
For all his friends , he feels lonesome
ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎﺀ ﻫﻮ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ
For all their wealth , they are unhappy
ﻫﻢ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺳﻌﺪﺍﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺛﺮﺍﺋﻬﻢ
** ﻭﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ for ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ : ﻟﻤﺪﺓ
She will stay there for about four days
ﺳﺘﻤﻜﺚ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ
You have to wait for a long time
ﻻﺑﺪ ﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ
I may not see you again for years
ﺭﺑﻤﺎ ﻻ ﺃﺭﺍﻙ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﻟﻤﺪﺓ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ
** ﻭﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ for ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ : ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ
I'll act for you
ﺳﺄﻧﻮﺏ ﻋﻨﻚ ( ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ )
** ﻻﺣﻆ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ :
ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ For the time being
ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺎ For the present
ﻟﻸﺑﺪ For ever
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ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ since ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﻴﻦ for
ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ Since
ﻛﻠﻤﺔ since ﻗﺪ ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﺤﺮﻑ ﺟﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺍﺑﻂ . ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﺤﺮﻑ ﺟﺮ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ
ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻭﻧﻀﻌﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ .
I have been here since last week
So much has changed since the war
I have been living here since February
ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻛﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﻦ .. ﻧﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻣﻦ
ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ ، ﻭﻧﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ .
I have smoked since I left school
** ﻻﺣﻈﻮﺍ :
ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ <------- since .<----- ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺗﺎﻡ
I haven't seen him since we left school
ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ <------- since <------ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺗﺎﻡ ( ﻣﻨﻔﻲ )
Jim has been working at Citi bank since he finished college
ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ <------ since <-------- ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺗﺎﻡ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻦ Since ﻭ For
ﺃﺣﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﺿﺢ ﺃﻥ Since ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻧﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﻭﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﻧﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﺘﻲ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ .
ﻓﻨﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﺜﻼ:
since 8 o'clock - since Monday - since 12 May - since April -
since 1977 - since Christmas - since lunchtime - since they were at school
ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻜﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ :
She has been in hospital since Monday
I have been waiting since 8 o'clock
They have known each other since they were at school
ﻭﺃﻣﺎ For ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺤﺪﺩﺓ ﻻ ﻧﻌﺮﻑ ﻣﺘﻲ ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﻭﻻ ﻣﺘﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ .
ﻓﻨﻘﻮﻝ ﻣﺜﻼ :
for two hours .. for 20 minutes .. for five days .. for six month
for a week .. for 50 years .. for a long time .. for ages
ﻭﻧﺬﻛﺮﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ :
She has been married for ten years
I haven't seen her for three months
We have known each other for ages..
I 've been waiting for the last half hour
ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺃﻧﻨﺎ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺃﺑﻀﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ for ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻲ .
ﻻﺣﻆ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺘﻴﻦ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺘﻴﻦ :
I lived here for five years ( ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﻂ ) ﻭ
I have lived here for five years ( ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺗﺎﻡ )
** ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻲ ( ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ) : ﺃﻧﺎ ﻋﺸﺖ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ( ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻢ ﺃﻋﺪ ﺃﻋﻴﺶ ﻫﻨﺎ )
ﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ( ﺍﻟﻤﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ) : ﺃﻧﺎ ﻋﺸﺖ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺧﻤﺴﺔ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ( ﻭﻣﺎﺯﻟﺖ ﺃﻋﻴﺶ ﻫﻨﺎ )
ما الفرق بين since - for - ago ؟
,
,
,
,
,
أستعمل for مع جميع الأزمنة لتعنى لمدة يأتى بعدها عدد من
الساعات او الأيام أو الشهور او السنوات .
I’m going to stay in France for five years .
I stayed in Spain for three months .
استعمل since مع الأزمنة التامة فقط perfect tenses لنعنى
مند ولا ياتى بعدها عدد بل وقت تابت أو سنوات
I have lived here since 1980 .
أستعمل ago مع زمن الماضى البسيط فقط past simple
لنعنى مضت وأستعملها مع عدد من الأيام او الشهور او السنوات
ودائما فى اخر الجملة .
I went to London two months ago .
as – because – since – for
بمعني : لأن
* كل هذه
الكلمات الأربعة تستخدم لكي نشير إلي سبب شيئا ما ولكن لا يتم استخدامهمبنفس
الطريقة
.
* نستخدم as و since عندما يكون السبب معروف بالفعل للمستمع
أو القاريء أو عندمايكون
السبب ليس هو أهم جزء في الجملة .
أشباه
الجمل مع
as و since تأتي غالبا في بداية الجمل .
- As it's raining again , we'll have to stay at home
- Since he had not paid his bill , his electricity was cut off
* أشباه
الجمل مع
as و since تكون رسمية نسبيا . ولكن في
الأسلوب الغير رسمي نفسالأفكار
يعبر عنها غالبا باستخدام so .
- It's raining again , so we'll have to stay at home
2 - because
* because تضع
تأكيد أكثر علي السبب وغالبا تقدم معلومات للمستمع أو القارئ .
* عندما
يكون السبب هو أهم أجزاء الجملة ، شبه الجملة مع because يأتي عادة فينهاية
الجملة ويمكن أيضا أن يقف بمفرده .. ولكن لا يمكن استخدام since و as
بنفس
الطريقة
.
- Why am I leaving ? I'm leaving because I'm fed up
لا نقول : I'm leaving as /
since I'm fed up
- Why are you laughing ? because you look so funny
* شبه
الجملة مع
because يمكن
أن يستخدم في نهاية جملة لكي نقول كيف يعرفشخص شيئا
ما
.
- You didn't tell me the truth , because I found the money in your room
( = .... I know because I found .....)
3 - for
* for تقدم
معلومات جديدة لكن تقترح أن السبب معطي كفكرة متأخرة .
شبه
الجملةمع for يمكن غالبا وضعه بين أقواس ولكن لا يأتي أبدا في بداية الجمل ولا
يقفبمفرده .
For المستخدمة بهذا المعني أكثر شيوعا في الأسلوب الرسمي المكتوب .
- I decided to stop and have lunch – for I was feeling hungry
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