استخدام has have

استخدام has have

ﺩﺭﺳﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ have /has ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ

ﻃﺒﻌﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ have/has ﻫﻮ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ

I have a pen

He has a car

ﻣﻊ I you we they ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ have

ﻣﻊ he she it ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ has

ﻗﻠﻨﺎ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ

ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ

I have two sisters

I have two brothers

I have red car

We have an activity

ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ

I have = I've

He has = he's

I had = I'd

ﺍﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎً ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ must ﺑﺲ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﻟﻬﺎ to

ﻟﻠﺪﻻﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺟﺒﺎﺭﻳﺔ

ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ

You have to listen to me ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻚ ﺍﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﻤﻊ ﻟﻲ

He has to finish his work now ﻳﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻧﻬﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻻﻥ

ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﺍﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﻊ modals ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﺮﺽ ﺣﺪﻭﺛﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ

ﻣﺜﺎﻝ

He must have done this before ﻫﻮ ﺃﻛﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ

You should have listened to him ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻔﺮﻭﺽ ﺗﺴﻤﻊ ﻛﻼﻣﻪ

ﻃﺒﻌﺎ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻛﻼﻣﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺷﻲﺀ ﻣﻔﺮﻭﺽ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻭ ﻧﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻧﻪ ﺣﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺲ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ

Subject + modal + have + past participial + object

ﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ

ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻝ modals ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ have ﺣﺘﻰ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺠﻘﺖ he she it

ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﻄﺄ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻗﻮﻝ

He must has done his work

ﺍﻟﺼﺢ ﺍﻧﻲ ﺃﻗﻮﻝ

He must have done his work .

ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺁﺧﺮ

I could have done it ﻛﻨﺖ ﺍﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﺳﻮﻳﻬﺎ

ﻳﻮﺣﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻧﻲ ﻛﻨﺖ ﺍﻗﺪﺭ ﺑﺲ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻮﻳﺖ ﻫﺎﻟﺸﻲﺀ

He might have seen it ﺭﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﺎﻓﻬﺎ

ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺧﺮ ﻝ have

ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ

He should have gone to the doctor

We must have worked yesterday

I must have read this book

ﻭﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﻐﻞ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺛﺎﻟﺚ

Past participial

ﺍﺧﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻊ present perfect , past perfect , future perfect

ﻭ ﺍﻝ progressive ﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﻨﺔ

ﻣﺜﺎﻝ

I have visited Riyadh before ﺯﺭﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ